Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 96
Filtrar
1.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 45(7): 1349-1358, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35226335

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Patients with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets are short and disproportionate and very little information is available on segmental growth, but the body disproportion at adulthood leads us to think that the growth velocity of legs is slower. METHODS: A total of 96 children were included and molecular testing was carried out in 42. Children who reached adult height were classified into two groups according to their compliance to conventional treatment (phosphate supplement and calcitriol). Individual growth records of height and sitting height/height were plotted using Argentine reference data in 96 children and growth curves were estimated by fitting Preece-Baines Model 1 in 19 of the children. RESULTS: Molecular testing revealed sequence deleterious alterations or large deletions in 36/42 patients. During childhood, 76% of children grew below - 1.88 standard deviation score (SDS) and 97% had body disproportion. During adolescence, the mean peak height velocity for the good and poor compliance to treatment groups was 7.8 (0.6) and 5.4 (0.4) cm/year in boys and 7.0 (0.7) and 5.2 (0.8) cm/year in girls, respectively. At adulthood, the median sitting height/height ratio was 2.32 and 6.21 SDS for the good and poor compliance to treatment groups, respectively. The mean pubertal growth spurt of the trunk was -0.8 (1.4) SDS, with a short pubertal growth spurt of - 1.8 (0.4) SDS for limbs in the good compliance group. Median adult height in 13/29 males and 30/67 females was -4.56 and -3.16 SDS, respectively. CONCLUSION: For all patients the growth spurt was slower, secondary to a short growth spurt of limbs, reaching a short adult height with body disproportion that was more prominent in the poor compliance group.


Assuntos
Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar , Adolescente , Adulto , Estatura , Calcitriol , Criança , Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fosfatos , Puberdade , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; 56(2): 1-20, jun. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125825

RESUMO

RESUMEN La vitamina D (VD), un esteroide pleiotrópico, ha sido relacionada con la función reproductiva masculina, pero aún no se ha estudiado la expresión de su receptor (RVD) en el desarrollo testicular. RVD regula la expresión de componentes del sistema histaminérgico, y la histamina (HA) modula la esteroidogénesis en células de Leydig (CL). Se ha relacionado a la deficiencia de VD con múltiples patologías, entre ellas cáncer. Los tumores de células de Leydig (TCL) son los más frecuentes del intersticio testicular, y al malignizar no responden a radio/quimioterapia. VD fue descripta como tratamiento para varios tumores, pero se desconoce su aplicación en TCL. Por lo expuesto, hemos estudiado la expresión de RVD en la ontogenia de testículo de rata, evaluando su correlación con los niveles de testosterona séricos (T) y el contenido de HA; y además evaluamos la expresión de RVD en testículo humano fetal, neonatal, prepuberal, TCL e hiperplasia de CL. En testículo de rata, se observó un aumento en la expresión de RVD en CL con la edad, en línea con el incremento de T, y en contraposición con la disminución del contenido de HA, lo cual fue consistente con la reducción en los niveles de la enzima que cataliza su síntesis, HDC. Esto sugiere que la VD podría ejercer una función en el desarrollo testicular normal, ya sea en forma directa sobre las CL o mediante la regulación de la expresión de componentes del sistema histaminérgico (HDC y/o receptores de HA). Por su parte, el TCL humano presentó sobreexpresión de RVD y HDC. Considerando que las hormonas esteroideas se encuentran aumentadas en esta patología y funcionan como factores de crecimiento, si el calcitriol pudiera modular la esteroidogénesis podría tener una aplicación terapéutica.


ABSTRACT Vitamin D (VD) is a steroid hormone traditionally related to bone health. However, several authors have associated VD with reproduction and steroidogenesis in males. The presence ofVD receptor (VDR) and the enzymes involved in its activation had been reported in several cell types of the testes. Until now, nobody has studied RVD expression during testicular development. In addition, VDR in association with its co-activators or co-repressors, regulates the expression of several genes, including those related to the histaminergic system. Previously, we demonstrated that histamine (HA) can modulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells (LC) in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, we observed a decrease in the endogenous HA content, consistent with the previously described decrease of HDC (histidine decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible of HA synthesis) levels, during LC ontogeny. Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that a relationship exists between VD deficiency and multiple pathologies, particularly cancer. Leydig cell tumors (LCT) are rare endocrine tumors ofunknown etiology, which originate in the testicular interstitium. The incidence worldwide is 1-3% in adults and 4% in prepubertal boys, but recent publications indicate that these figures have been increasing. While usually benign, approximately 10% of LCT in adults become malignant and do not respond to chemo or radiotherapy. It is imperative to deeply investigate the biology of LCT, to identify new therapeutic targets. The potential role of calcitriol (1a,25(OH)2-vitamin-D3) in cancer treatment has been described for several types of tumors, but it remains unexplored in LCT. Thus, as a first step, it is worth evaluating VDR expression in LCT.In view of the aforecited evidence, herein we studied VDR expression during the rat testicular ontogeny, evaluating a possible correlation withserum testosterone (T) levels in blood, endogenous levels of HA and the previously described HDC expression levels. We also analized VDR expression in human testes corresponding to three different stages of development (fetal, neonatal andjuvenile), in LCT and in LC hyperplasia. Methods: Rat testes of different ages (7, 21, 35, 90 y 240 days), human fetal, neonatal and pre pubertal testes, a human LCT and a human LC hyperplasia; were used for detection of VDR by immunohistochemistry. Results: In the rat testes, VDR expression increased with age in LC, in line with the increase in serum testosterone; and in contrast with the decrease in the endogenous content of HA and HDC levels. Likewise, we detected an increase in VDR expression with age in the human testes samples. LCT presentedVDR and HDC overexpression. We also detected VDR in LC hyperplasia. Conclusions: Given that VDR testicular expression increases with age in LC, as well as testosterone serum levels, it is reasonable to speculate thatVD may play a role in normal testicular development, either acting directly on LC or by regulating one of more components of the histaminergic system (HDC or HA receptors). Considering that VDR is overexpressed in LCT, and that steroids are increased in this pathology (and act like growth factors); if calcitriol could modulate steroidogenesis, it could have a therapeutic role.

3.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; 55(4): 1-10, dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041748

RESUMO

Resumen Los tumores de células de Leydig (TCL) son tumores endócrinos del intersticio testicular, cuya incidencia se encuentra en aumento. Los síntomas incluyen feminización o virilización en pacientes prepuberales, y pérdida de libido, disfunción eréctil, infertilidad y/o ginecomastia en adultos. Si bien son usualmente benignos, cuando malignizan en adultos no responden a radio y quimioterapia. Múltiples trabajos han reportado que la histidina decarboxilasa (HDC), enzima que cataliza la conversión de L-histidina en histamina (HA), tiene un rol importante en el desarrollo de tumores. A su vez, en nuestro laboratorio demostramos que la HA induce la proliferación de células de Leydig tumorales (CLT) murinas, mientras que la inhibición de HDC disminuye su proliferación y capacidad esteroidogénica. Además, observamos elevada expresión de HDC en TCL pediátricos vs. controles de distintos estadios de madurez sexual; y se ha descrito que ratones knock out para HDC poseen una angiogénesis incompleta. Para evaluar el rol de HDC en la modulación de la angiogénesis se empleó la línea de CLT de rata R2C, principal modelo utilizado en estudios de Leydigioma. También se realizaron estudios en TCL pediátricos. Los medios condicionados por las CLT R2C estimularon la angiogénesis tanto in vitro como in vivo (empleando HUVEC y analizando el grado de vascularización de membranas corioalantoideas de codorniz, respectivamente). El efecto in vitro se revirtió al tratar previamente las CLT R2C con α-metil-DL-histidinadihidrocloruro, inhibidor específico de HDC. A su vez, tanto la HA como los medios condicionados provenientes de TCL pediátricos, produjeron un aumento en la proliferación de las HUVEC. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las CLT producen HA y otros factores proangiogénicos, y que la inhibición selectiva de HDC atenúa la capacidad proangiogénica de las CLT. En base a estos resultados y evidencias previas del laboratorio, inhibidores específicos de HDC podrían ser utilizados como potencial terapia neoadyuvante en TCL.


ABSTRACT Leydig Cell tumors (LCT) are a rare group of endocrine tumors in the testicular interstitium. Between 1 and 3% of testicular malignances in adults and 4% in prepubertal children belong to LCT. An increasing incidence of this type of neoplasia has been reported recently all around the world. Particularly, a strong relationship between LCT and the use of anabolic steroids (which are commonly used nowadays) has been reported recently. In prepubertal boys, symptoms include feminization or virilization, depending on the major circulating steroid (estradiol or testosterone respectively). Adult patients show loss of libido, penile dysfunction, infertility and/or gynecomastia. Although the etiology still is unknown, several studies indicate that tumoral Leydig cells have an excessive production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), as well as aromatase (CYP19) overexpression, which causes an enormous amount of estrogens (particularly estradiol, E2), and both factors play an important role in tumorigenesis. While usually benign, when LCT became malignant in adults they respond poorly to radio and chemotherapy. Likewise, it has been reported that both therapies increase the incidence of several tumors. All these data imply the need of new therapeutic targets to avoid the chirurgical dissection of the testes and the consequences of the hormonal therapies associated, which implicate not only the loss in reproductive function, but also psychological disorders. Several publications have reported that histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the only enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion from L-histidine to histamine (HA) in mammals, has an important role in the development of several types of tumors, such as colorectal, breast and melanoma. At the same time, in our laboratory we have reported that HA induces cell proliferation of murine Leydig cells, and complementary, this cell proliferation decreases when inhibiting selectively HDC, as well as steroid synthesis (progesterone and E2). Also, we observed a higher expression of HDC in pediatric LCT (n = 3) than normal controls corresponding to different stages of sexual maturation (n = 9). It has been described that HDC knock out mice have an incomplete angiogenesis, and also that MA-10 Leydig cells HDC expression correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study is to improve our knowledge about the role of HDC in LCT biology, particularly, the angiogenesis modulation. We used the R2C Leydig cell line, the most used model for in vitro studies of Leydigioma, because it overexpresses CYP19 and constitutively produces high levels of IGF-1 and E2, as well as human LCT. R2C and pediatric LCT angiogenic capability was evaluated in vitro by measuring proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, we verified R2C cells angiogenic capability in vivo, using quail embryo vasculature (chorioallantoic membrane assay). Both models have been validated for the study of angiogenesis. Conditioned medium obtained from R2C cell culture stimulated angiogenesis in vitro (p <0.001) as well as in vivo (p <0.001). The in vitro effect was reverted with a previous treatment on the R2C cell culture using α-methyl-DL-histidine hydrochloride (α-MHD, 10 µM), a specific HDC activity inhibitor (p <0.001). Finally, human conditioned medium from pediatric LCT increased HUVEC proliferation (p <0.01). In the same way, the analyzed patients showed higher testosterone and estradiol levels than normal serum concentrations, which was in concordance to phenotypical features observed in presence of LCT. Our results indicate that tumoral Leydig cells (TLC) produce HA, as well as other angiogenic factors, and it could be stimulating the vascular endothelium. The selective inhibition of HDC attenuates the pro-angiogenic capability in TLC. Considering all these results and previous observations of our laboratory, specific inhibitors of HDC could be used, in the future, as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of LCT.

4.
Eur J Endocrinol ; 169(3): 277-89, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23761422

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Individual sensitivity to recombinant human GH (r-hGH) is variable. Identification of genetic factors contributing to this variability has potential use for individualization of treatment. The objective of this study was to identify genetic markers and gene expression profiles associated with growth response on r-hGH therapy in treatment-naïve, prepubertal children with GH deficiency (GHD) or Turner syndrome (TS). DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter, international, open-label pharmacogenomic study. METHODS: The associations of genotypes in 103 growth- and metabolism-related genes and baseline gene expression profiles with growth response to r-hGH (cm/year) over the first year were evaluated. Genotype associations were assessed with growth response as a continuous variable and as a categorical variable divided into quartiles. RESULTS: Eleven genes in GHD and ten in TS, with two overlapping between conditions, were significantly associated with growth response either as a continuous variable (seven in GHD, two in TS) or as a categorical variable (four more in GHD, eight more in TS). For example, in GHD, GRB10 was associated with high response (≥ Q3; P=0.0012), while SOS2 was associated with low response (≤ Q1; P=0.006), while in TS, LHX4 was associated with high response (P=0.0003) and PTPN1 with low response (P=0.0037). Differences in expression were identified for one of the growth response-associated genes in GHD (AKT1) and for two in TS (KRAS and MYOD1). CONCLUSIONS: Carriage of specific growth-related genetic markers is associated with growth response in GHD and TS. These findings indicate that pharmacogenomics could have a role in individualized management of childhood growth disorders.


Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/deficiência , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/genética , Proteínas Son Of Sevenless/genética , Síndrome de Turner/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Estatura/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Proteína Adaptadora GRB10/genética , Proteína Adaptadora GRB10/metabolismo , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/prevenção & controle , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Humanos , Proteínas com Homeodomínio LIM/genética , Proteínas com Homeodomínio LIM/metabolismo , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Son Of Sevenless/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Síndrome de Turner/sangue , Síndrome de Turner/metabolismo
7.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 100-108, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1247510

RESUMO

Si bien la forma de presentación del CDT es más agresiva en la edad pediátrica que en los adultos, la tasa de sobrevida es superior al 90%.Objetivo: analizar retrospectivamente las características clínico-patológicas,la evolución y los factores pronósticos en pacientes prepuberales (PP) y puberales (P) con diagnostico de CDT controlados en nuestro servicio. Resultados se incluyeron 43 pacientes seguidos por un tiempo X (±DS) de 5.99 años(a) (3.57) a, rango 1 -14 a. El tratamiento consistió en tiroidectomía con vaciamiento ganglionar, Iodo131 y levotiroxina en dosis inhibitoria de TSH. Al diagnóstico: edad cronológica (EC) X (±DS)10.9 (3.84) a, rango: 4.7 -17a, relación femenino /masculino 2.9. Diecinueve PP y 24 P. El 53.5% (n:23) presentó nódulos confinados a la glándula con o sin extensión ganglionar y el 46.5% (n:20) tenia un estadío tumoral más avanzado con invasión local y metástasis (MTS) pulmonar. Treinta y ocho pacientes (88.4%) tenían MTS ganglionar cervical y 16(37.2%) MTS pulmonar. El grupo PP comparado con el P tenía EC significativamente menor X (±DS) 7.25 (2.03) a vs 13.83a (p <0.001), estadío tumoral más avanzado 84.2 vs16.8% (p<0.001) y mayor ocurrencia de MTS pulmonar 68.4 vs 12.5% (p<0.003). La sobrevida global fue de 92% y libre de enfermedad 78%.Las variables predictoras de persistencia de enfermedad más significativas fueron presencia de MTS pulmonar al diagnóstico y niveles séricos de tiroglobulina superiores a 8.5 ng/ml posterior al tratamiento inicial. Conclusión: el CDT pediátrico tiene una presentación agresiva especialmente en los pacientes prepuberales. El pediatra debería incorporar el examen clínico del cuello para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz (AU)


Children-DTC has been found to behave differently than in adults. At diagnosis, children present in a more aggressive way. However the overall survival rates is greater than 90%. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of clinicopathologycal features at diagnosis, evolution and prognostic factors for DTC in pre-pubertal (PP)and pubertal (P)children treated at our centre. Results: 43 CDT patients were included. Mean follow up was X (±DS) 5.99 (3.57) years (y) range: 1 -14 y. Treatment consisted on total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection, radioiodine therapy, and TSH suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine. At diagnosis: chronological age (CA) was (±DS) :10.9 (3.84) y, range: 4.7 - 17y,sex: female/male ratio: 32/11,nineteen were PP and 24 P. Twentythree ( 53.5%) presented intrathyroidal nodes with or without lymph node MTS, Twenty patients (46.5%) had advanced disease, with adjacent tissue invasion and lung MTS. Thirty-eight patients (88.4%) had cervical lymph node MTS, 16 (37.2%) lung MTS.PP group had significant less CA X (±DS) 7.25 (2.03) y vs 13.83 (1.95)y (p <0.001),advanced tumor stage 84.2 vs16.8% (p<0.001) and more lung MTS occurrence 68.4 vs 12.5% (p<0.003). Global survival rate was 92% and disease free survival rate was 78%.Lung metastases (MTS) and serum thyroglobuline levels greater than 8.5 ng\ml post initial treatment were the most significant prognostic factor related to persistent disease. Conclusion: CDT had a more aggressive presentation in children; especially in PP children. Pediatricians should be aware of this in order to realize a precocious diagnosis and treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/classificação , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Carcinoma/classificação , Carcinoma/patologia , Prognóstico , Tireoidectomia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Puberdade , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 109-114, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1247536

RESUMO

La forma no clásica, post natal, de la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita tiene una incidencia de 1 en 1000 en la población general y afecta al 6% de las mujeres hirsutas. En este estudio se estableció la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la respuesta de los niveles séricos de 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP4) al estímulo agudo con ACTH en 203 pacientes de ambos sexos, pre y post puberales, con hiperandrogenismo, en los cuales se analizó si tenían una alteración molecular del gen CYP21A2. Posteriormente al estudio molecular, los pacientes fueron clasificados en tres grupos de acuerdo al genotipo: Gr0, n=61: ningún alelo mutado (no portadores de mutación); Gr1, n=55: un alelo mutado (portadores) y Gr2, n=87: dos alelos mutados (afectados). Por análisis de regresión logística (curvas ROC) se compararon los valores basales del Gr2 vs Gr0 y se obtuvo un valor de 17OHP4 de 7,2 ng/ml con una sensibilidad del 83% y una especificidad del 85%. Se sugiere entonces que en los pacientes con este nivel basal no se debería realizar el test de ACTH, y habría que confirmar el diagnóstico con el estudio molecular. Los niveles 17OHP4 a los 60 minutos post estímulo con ACTH mayores a 20 ng/ml son confirmatorios del diagnóstico con 84% de sensibilidad y 88% de especificidad. No sería necesario entonces realizar estudios moleculares. Un valor de 15,6 ng/ml diferencia Gr2 de Gr0 con una sensibilidad del 89% y una especificidad del 95%. Este es un buen valor predictivo, pero el análisis molecular no debería obviarse en aquellos casos en los que exista una fuerte sospecha clínica. (AU)


The incidence of non classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is 1:1000 in the general population and it is present in 6% of hirsute women. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP4) response to acute ACTH stimulation was evaluated in 203 prepubertal and pubertal patients of the two sexes with hyperandrogenism, in whom the CYP21A2 gene was analyzed. After molecular analysis patients were divided in 3 groups according to genotype: Gr0, n=61, no mutated allele (no mutation carrier); Gr1, n=55, one mutated allele (carrier); and Gr2, n=81, two mutated alleles (affected patient). Using logistic regression analysis (ROC curves), basal values in Gr2 vs. Gr0 were compared and a cutoff value of 7.2 ng/ml was defined to separate groups, with 83% sensitivity and 85% specificity. It is suggested then that in patients with levels higher than 7,2 no ACTH test is necessary and molecular analysis is required to confirm diagnosis. Serum 17OHP4 values above 20 ng/ml 60 minutes after ACTH are confirmatory of diagnosis, with 84% sensitivity and 88% specificity. No molecular studies should be necessary. A 15.6 ng/ml cutoff value is able to differentiate Gr2 from Gr0, with 89% sensitivity and 95% specificity. It is a good predictive value, but carrying out molecular analysis is only advisable if clinical evidence is strong (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Esteroide 21-Hidroxilase/genética , Hiperandrogenismo/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/genética , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Endócrino , Genótipo
9.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 115-120, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1247592

RESUMO

La displasia septo-óptica (DSO) es una condición rara y altamente heterogénea, definida por la combinación de hipoplasia del nervio óptico (HNO), malformaciones cerebrales de la línea media, tales como aplasia/hipoplasia de septum pellucidum y cuerpo calloso, e insuficiencia hipotálamo-hipofisaria de grado variable. Se realizó un trabajo que tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la población de pacientes con diagnóstico de DSO seguidos en nuestro Hospital durante 7 años. Se incluyeron 46 pacientes (18 mujeres) que fueron divididos en 2 grupos, según tuviesen o no insuficiencia hipotálamo-hipofisaria (IHH). El 58.7% (n=27) presentó IHH de algún tipo, mientras que el 41.3% (n=19) no la presentó. En aquellos 19 pacientes con IHH se diagnosticaron deficiencia de GH y TSH (85.1%) y de ACTH (48.1%). La longitud corporal (mediana) del grupo con IHH fue más baja (p = 0,01) que la del grupo sin IHH, a pesar de que la edad fue menor a 2 años en todos los casos. Los pacientes fueron seguidos 1,3-8,3 años. Se observaron incidencias similares de agenesia del cuerpo calloso, del septum pellucidum, y ventriculomegalia, pero las alteraciones del desarrollo cortical se observaron con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes sin IHH. La ictericia neonatal, convulsiones y/o hipoglucemia, y micropene en neonatos y lactantes con DSO se presentaron en el subgrupo con IHH. El 58,7% de los pacientes con DSO presentaron algún grado de insuficiencia hipotálamo-hipofisaria. En la mayoría de los casos el diagnóstico de IHH no se realizó en el momento de aparición de los síntomas, sino más tardíamente en su seguimiento. En el 45% de los pacientes se evaluaron alteraciones radiológicas del SNC, específicamente en la región hipofisaria. Una fracción importante de las deficiencias de TSH/T4 (36,4%), GH (50%) y ACTH (23%) aparecieron mas tardíamente en el curso de la evolución. En 10 niños con déficit de hormona de crecimiento (2 tests farmacológicos sin respuesta) se realizó el tratamiento sustitutivo con rhGH (durante un periodo de 4±3 años), observándose una mejoría promedio de + 1,5 SDS en la talla de estos pacientes. En conclusión, la hipoplasia neonatal de nervios ópticos, asociada o no a ictericia e hipoglucemia, debe ser un signo de alarma para el diagnóstico de DSO, con riesgo de insuficiencia suprarrenal, shock y muerte, y puede requerir, por lo tanto, urgente tratamiento. Las deficiencias pueden aparecer en el curso de la evolución, a pesar del carácter congénito de la anomalía. Finalmente, se deben sustituir las deficiencias hormonales y tener presente que el tratamiento con rhGH puede mejorar la talla final en estos pacientes (AU)


Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare and highly heterogeneous condition consisting of a combination of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), midline brain abnormalities, such as aplasia/hypoplasia of the septum pellucidum (ASP) and corpus callosum; and variable degree of hypoyalamo-pituitary insufficiency. The aim of this study was to characterize a population of SOD patients diagnosed and followed at the Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, from 1989 to 2006. We included 46 patients (18 females), that were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency (IHH). Fifty nine% of SOD patients presented with IHH. GH and TSH deficiencies were diagnosed in 85.1% of IHH patients, while ACTH deficiency was found in 48.1%. Height (median) for the IHH group was shorter (p = 0,01) than for the group without IHH. Patients were followed for 1.3-8.3 years. Similar incidence of corpus callosum and/or septum pellucidum agenesis and ventriculomegaly were found in the two groups, but we observed more association with cortical developmental disorders in patients without IHH. In newborns, the association of ophthalmologic disorders and jaundice, seizures and/or hypoglycemia and micropene should frequently lead to the diagnosis of SOD and IHH. While 58,7% of DSO patients presented with hypothalamic-pituitary deficiency, only 45% of them showed sellar radiological abnormalities. Although SOD is a congenital disease, hormonal deficiencies may appear during follow-up. In 10 children with SOD and GH deficiency, rhGh treatment (for 4±3 years) improved height in 1.5 SDSs. In conclusion: in newborns with nerve optic hypoplasia, associated or not with jaundice, seizures and hypoglycaemia, the diagnosis of SOD and IHH should be considered. Treatment could be an emergency need because of risk of adrenal insufficiency and hypoglycemia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Septo Pelúcido/anormalidades , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico , Displasia Septo-Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipoplasia do Nervo Óptico , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/anormalidades , Hormônio do Crescimento/deficiência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos
10.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 129-134, Junio 2010. Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1247658

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome de Prader-Willi SPW) es un trastorno genético causado por la pérdida de expresión de genes de origen paterno en la región cromosómica compleja 15q11-q13. El fenotipo clínico ha sido bien caracterizado, especialmente relacionado con la disfunción hipotalámica. Aunque entre 20 a 30% de los pacientes con SPW tienen hipotiroidismo central (HC), no ha sido bien definida la función tiroidea durante los dos primeros años de vida. Objetivo: evaluar la función hipotalámica-pituitaria-tiroidea en lactantes con SPW. Diseño del estudio: 18 pacientes con SPW entre 0,16 y 2 años de edad fueron incluídos en un estudio prospectivo. El diagnóstico de SPW se basó en los hallazgos clínicos y en el análisis molecular. Se calcularon los escores de desviacion estándar (SDS) de la T4 total (T), T4 libre (L), T3 y TSH en suero en todos los pacientes incluídos en el estudio. Resultados: En 14 de los 18 pacientes con SPW, se encontraron niveles de T4T y/o T4L menores a -2 SDS (44,4 y 55,5%, respectivamente), mientras que solamente en 1 paciente con SPW el nivel de T3 estaba por debajo de -2 SDS. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra que la incidencia de HC es alta en lactantes con SPW. Los pediatras deben tener en cuenta el diagnostico de HC en este período crítico de la acción de la hormona tiroidea en el desarrollo neurológico (AU)


Introduction. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the loss of expression of paternally transcribed genes in a highly imprinted region of chromosome 15q11- q13. The clinical phenotype has been well characterized, mostly related to hypothalamic dysfunction. Even though central hypothyroidism (CH) has been documented in 20 to 30% of PWS patients, thyroid function has not been well characterized during the first 2 years of life. Objective: to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in infant PWS patients. Study design: Eighteen PWS patients, aged 0.16 to 2 years, were included in a prospective study. PWS diagnosis was based on clinical features and molecular analysis. Serum total (T) T4, free (F) T4, T3 and TSH standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated in all PWS patients included in the study. Results: In 14 out of 18 PWS patients, serum TT4 and/or FT4 levels less than -2 SDS ( 44.4 and 55.5 %, respectively) were found, while in only 1 PWS patient serum T3 levels was below -2 SDS. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a high incidence of CH in infant PWS patients. Pediatricians should be aware of this diagnosis in this critical period of thyroid hormone action on neurological development (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Síndrome de Prader-Willi/complicações , Síndrome de Prader-Willi/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Prader-Willi/genética , Hormônios Tireóideos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiopatologia , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos
11.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 135-142, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1247883

RESUMO

El pseudohipoparatiroidismo es una enfermedad hereditaria caracterizada por presentar resistencia a la hormona paratiroidea que se manifiesta por hipocalcemia, hiperfosfatemia y niveles elevados de PTH. Los pacientes pueden presentar características fenotípicas de osteodistrofia hereditaria de Albright y tener asociadas otras resistencias hormonales. En este trabajo se analizan las características clínicas y bioquímicas de 13 niños afectados de la enfermedad, como así también la implicancia del tratamiento. El diagnóstico temprano, la detección oportuna de resistencias hormonales asociadas y el control periódico de los pacientes, son de relevancia para promover el crecimiento y disminuir las secuelas de la hipocalcemia (AU)


Pseudohypoparathyroidism is an hereditary disease characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia due to parathyroid hormone resistance. Patients may have the association of other endocrine resistances and physical characteristics termed Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. We present here 13 patients with PHP, their clinic and biological signs, and the implication of the treatment. Early diagnosis, the study of other hormone resistances, and periodic control of the patients, are mandatory to promote a correct growth and decrease the consequences of hypocalcemia in these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/diagnóstico , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/genética , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/terapia , Displasia Fibrosa Poliostótica/diagnóstico , Hipocalcemia , Hormônio Paratireóideo , Resistência a Medicamentos , Estudos Retrospectivos
12.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 143-150, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1247884

RESUMO

Los tumores (Tu) del SNC constituyen la segunda enfermedad oncológica en edad pediátrica, con una incidencia referida aproximada que oscila entre el 10 y 15%. En 309 pacientes con tumores selares y supraselares, seguidos durante 15 años, se evaluó en función de los distintos oncotipos tumorales, síntomas iniciales y alteraciones endocrinológicas previas al inicio del tratamiento. De ellos, 227 pacientes presentaron el tumor a edad prepuberal. Los oncotipos tumorales más frecuentes fueron craneofaringioma (CRA), glioma (GLIA) y tumor de células germinales (GERM). También, se encontró una mayor incidencia de presentación en varones. En edad puberal (n:92), el oncotipo tumoral más frecuente fue adenoma hipofisario (ADENO), seguido de GLIA y CRA. En este ultimo oncotipo tumoral, y, a diferencia del grupo prepuberal, su incidencia fue significativamente mayor en niñas. Aproximadamente 90% de los pacientes tuvieron anormalidades neuro-oftalmológicas (hipertensión craneal, dolores de cabeza, vómitos y pérdida progresiva de la visión) como uno de los signos y/o síntomas iniciales. Alteraciones clínicas endocrinológicas como baja talla, velocidad de crecimiento anormal, diabetes insípida y alteraciones del tempo puberal son frecuentes en estos pacientes y están habitualmente asociadas con las alteraciones clínico-neuro-oftalmológicas como las ya mencionadas. No obstante, la mayoría de los tumores del SNC localizados en la línea media suelen ser diagnosticados por manifestaciones neuro-oftalmológicas. Los resultados del estudio muestran alteración de la función endócrina al diagnóstico del Tu. Se concluye que en todo paciente con crecimiento lento o baja talla, así como también signos clínicos que orienten a un diagnóstico de pubertad precoz y/o retardada, el pediatra debe incluir dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, el diagnóstico del tumor selar o supraselar. La morbilidad aumenta frecuentemente luego de la cirugía (AU)


During the last 15 years, 309 patients with tumors of the sellar and suprasellar areas of CNS were followed in our Hospital (Endocrine Service). Tumor oncotype, initial symptoms and endocrine disturbances before any treatment was started are presented. In 227 patients, the tumor was diagnosed at prepubertal age. In this group, the most frequent tumoral oncotypes were craniopharyngioma (CRA), glial tumors (GLIA) and germ cells tumors (GERM). The incidence was higher in boys. At pubertal age (n:92), the most frequent tumoral oncotype was pituitary adenoma (ADENO), followed by GLIA and CRA. In the latter, and different from the prepubertal group, the incidence was significantly higher in girls. Approximately 90% of patients had neuro-ophtalmological abnormalities (cranial hypertension, headaches, vomits, and progressive loss of vision) as one of the initial signs and/or symptoms. Clinical endocrine disorders, such as short stature, low growth velocity, diabetes insipidus, and alterations in pubertal "tempo" are frequent in these patients and are often associated with the neuro-ophtalmological abnormalities mentioned above. This clinical symptomatology has to alert the medical team to discard the presence of a CNS tumor at the sellar and/or suprasellar level. We conclude that tumors of the SNC localized in the midline, have potential capacity to provoke abnormalities in endocrine function. Morbidity is often increased after surgery (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/classificação , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Diabetes Insípido/etiologia , Sela Túrcica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia
13.
Med. infant ; 17(2): 151-155, Junio 2010. ilus, Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1248033

RESUMO

El retardo de crecimiento es un importante problema clínico aun no resuelto ni correctamente manejado en niños con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). La optimización de todos los parámetros metabólicos y nutricionales no siempre lleva a una mejoría del crecimiento en estos pacientes. Desde hace aproximadamente 20 años se utiliza el tratamiento con rhGH para mejorar la talla en este grupo de niños. La bibliografía internacional muestra mejoría de la velocidad de crecimiento en estos pacientes sin embargo la experiencia publicada en la talla final (TF) alcanzada por los mismos es escasa. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron:1) evaluar la talla final alcanzada por pacientes transplantados renales(TxR) que recibieron tratamiento con rhGH (GrGH) comparándolos con un grupo control (GrC) con similares características clínicas, 2) evaluar los factores predictores de la TF, y 3) la repercusión de dicho tratamiento en la función renal. La TF en el GrGH fue significativamente mayor que la TF del GrC (-1.96 ± 1.13 vs -3.48 ± 1.19 SDS respectivamente, p <0.05). La talla (SDS) al inicio del tratamiento con rhGH fue la única variable significativa para predecir la respuesta al tratamiento (p= 0.001). Se observó una disminución significativa ClCr final en ambos grupos (GrGH: 76 ± 18 vs 66 ± 14 ml/min/m2 sup p<0.05; GrC: 72 ± 19 vs 56 ± 9 ml/min/m2 sup, p<0.05) lo que sugiere una caída similar del filtrado glomerular en ambos grupos independiente del tratamiento. Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos permiten confirmar que el tratamiento con rhGH es efectivo para mejorar la talla final en pacientes TxR sin afectar la función renal (AU)


Growth retardation is a common and significant clinical problem that is not adequately managed in children with chronic renal disease. Despite optimization of metabolic parameters the growth of this patients not always amelioreted. About 20 years ago rhGH treatment became to be used for this group of children to optimization final height.The international experience show that rhGH treatment improve growth velocity but the results about final heigth are scarse. The aims of our trial were: 1) to evaluate final height in renal transplant patients treated with rhGH (n=23) comparing with a control group not treated with rhGH (n=14) with similar characteristics, 2) to evaluate the effect of rhGH on creatinine clearance,3) to establish predictive variables for final height. Final Heigth was significantly greater in treated group vs control group (-1.9±1.1 vs -3.5±1.2, p<0.05). Initial height was the only significant variable to predict final height (p=0.001). We described a significantly decrease of creatinine clearence in both groups during follow up (GH Group 76±9 vs 66±14 ml/min/m2 sup, p<0.05 and Control Group 72.5±19 vs 56±9 ml/min/m2 sup, p= p<0.05).This suggest a similar decrese of creatinine clearence in both groups. Conclution: Our data confirm that rhGH treatment was effective in improving final height in renal transplant patients and did not decline allograft function (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Estatura/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Transtornos do Crescimento/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Resultado do Tratamento
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...